Skip to main content
Finding Gozi: An Italian Malspam Infection operation cover
IntermediateSIEMFirewallXDRPRO

Finding Gozi: An Italian Malspam Infection

An accounts clerk at an Italian textile firm clicked an overdue-invoice link, downloaded a ZIP, and opened an Internet shortcut that reached out over SMB to pull a second-stage loader. PowerShell and rundll32 ran the Gozi banking trojan, and the workstation began beaconing to a rotating list of bare IP-literal hosts over plain HTTP. Trace the chain from a link-based lure through an SMB stage-2 fetch to the single command-and-control endpoint the trojan settled on, where it also shipped the stolen data.

50m
6 tasks
50 points
Pro

Start this operation

Investigation Tasks

Complete each task by investigating alerts and submitting your findings.

1

Triage the morning alert

0

An accounts workstation at Borsani Tessile tripped the SIEM this morning: a routine invoice click that turned into an outbound file transfer on an unusual port, then a stream of plain web traffic to addresses with no names attached. Before you pull threads, get oriented. This case starts in a mailbox and ends on the perimeter, and the analyst who caught it has handed it to you. Review the available surfaces and the incident window, then begin working the delivery.

2

Trace the delivery

15

The trail begins with one inbound message that slipped past sender authentication and pointed the recipient at a download instead of carrying the file itself, which kept it clear of the mail scanner. Establish who sent it.

Hint available
3

Follow the shortcut off the network

20

Downloading and opening the archive did not just present a document. A file inside it turned a double-click into an outbound connection to a separate attacker host on a port that should never leave the building, and that connection pulled the real payload. Identify the external host the shortcut reached out to.

Hint available
4

Recover the second stage

15

The file pulled across that connection was written to the user profile and then run. Recover the file name of the second-stage loader that the workstation fetched and executed.

Hint available
5

Pin the C2 beacon

20

Once the trojan ran, it tried a string of external addresses over plain web traffic, most of which went nowhere, before locking onto one and staying there through the day, including a large midday upload. To contain the host you need the address it settled on. Identify the primary command-and-control endpoint it kept returning to.

Hint available
6

Classify the execution proxy

15

For the incident report, classify how the attacker ran the banking trojan through a trusted, signed Windows binary instead of executing it directly. Map that evasive behavior to its MITRE ATT&CK technique.

Hint available

6 tasks · 85 points total

Training Tools

Skills You'll Build

Investigate realistic security alerts
SIEM log analysis
Firewall log analysis
XDR log analysis
MITRE ATT&CK® technique identification
Triage decisions: escalate, investigate, or close
Evidence collection and documentation
Job-ready incident response methodology
Intermediate

Requires foundational alert triage skills. Multiple data sources to correlate.

Prerequisites

  • Basic understanding of security alerts
  • Familiarity with SIEM concepts
  • Familiarity with Firewall concepts
  • Familiarity with XDR concepts

Ready to investigate?

More Operations

View all
IntermediateEmailSIEM

EvilProxy AiTM: Indeed Redirect to M365 Cookie Theft

An executive at a logistics firm clicks a job-themed phishing link that abuses a recruiting platform's open redirect to reach an EvilProxy adversary-in-the-middle page. The page reverse-proxies the real Microsoft 365 sign-in, so the victim completes MFA against the attacker, who captures and replays the post-MFA session cookie. Work the email, web-proxy, DNS, Entra sign-in, and perimeter records to reconstruct the redirect chain, the relay infrastructure, and the MFA bypass.

45m50 pts
IntermediateSIEMXDR

Lazarus: ManageEngine RCE to QuiteRAT Espionage

An internet-facing ManageEngine ServiceDesk Plus appliance at Caldermoor Networks, a regional network and internet service provider, falls to the unauthenticated SAML RCE (CVE-2022-47966). Code runs as the appliance service account, which curls down a QuiteRAT first-stage implant, profiles the host and domain, installs itself as an auto-start Windows service, and beacons to a single HTTPS C2 that carries control and stolen data alike before pulling a CollectionRAT second stage. Work the ManageEngine web logs, the endpoint process tree, and the perimeter egress to reconstruct the intrusion. North-Korea-nexus actor.

55m50 pts
IntermediateCloudSIEM

Public by Default: Sensitive Files Pulled From an Open Azure Blob Container

A sensitive-data exposure caused entirely by a storage misconfiguration. A developer set a production Azure Blob container's public access level to anonymous, an external actor swept the *.blob.core.windows.net namespace and found it, listed it with an unauthenticated List Blobs call, then bulk-downloaded the exports — including a config file with a SQL connection string and a nightly database backup — with AzCopy over anonymous HTTPS. Reconstruct the exposure from Azure Storage diagnostic logs and SIEM corroboration, classifying the discovery and collection techniques, in a case where nothing failed and no credential was ever used.

40m50 pts