
Fake Zoom to Ransomware: The Social Engineering Pipeline
In this advanced SOC simulation, you will investigate a multi-stage intrusion that began with a drive-by download of a trojanized Zoom installer. The attack progressed through several stages of loader execution, including d3f@ckloader and IDAT loader, eventually leading to the deployment of high-end C2 frameworks like Cobalt Strike and Brute Ratel. You must trace the attacker's path from the initial web-based compromise, through lateral movement via RDP tunneling and proxy tools, to the final mass-deployment of BlackSuit ransomware via enterprise management software. This scenario is based on real-world 2025 threat intelligence and requires deep analysis of SIEM, XDR, and Firewall telemetry to reconstruct the full kill chain.
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Investigation Tasks
Complete each task by investigating alerts and submitting your findings.
Identifying Persistent Service Execution
100After the initial execution of Zoom_v_2.00.4.exe, the system logged a series of high-privilege events involving SYSTEM-level processes. Investigate the XDR Timeline to determine which service binary was recorded in the description of the ninth event in the sequence.
Identifying the Compromised Internal Host
50After the initial execution of a suspicious file by user robert.miller on 2024-05-02T14:49:43.240Z, lateral movement attempts were observed originating from a specific workstation. Analyze the network traffic logs to determine which internal host is now communicating with known malicious command-and-control infrastructure.
Identifying the Compromised Administrative Account
35An alert was triggered for an unsigned executable masquerading as a common application. Examine the XDR timeline and behavior logs to determine which local or service account was used to execute this file, as this may indicate credential harvesting or lateral movement.
Tracing the Malicious Zoom Installer Execution
100At 2024-05-09T01:22:18.608Z, an unusual process named Zoom_v_2.00.4.exe was observed running under the context of robert.miller. This activity appears to be a masquerading attempt to bypass security controls by mimicking legitimate software; you must locate the specific cryptographic hash associated with this process execution to strengthen our blocklist.
Uncovering Post-Exploitation Scripting Artifacts
100After the initial execution of Zoom_v_2.00.4.exe, the adversary pivoted to credential harvesting. Analyze the chronological events on the affected workstation around 2024-05-09T14:35:07.461Z to find the script used to target backup infrastructure credentials.
Identifying the Initial Payload Artifact
100An alert triggered at 2024-05-01T08:22:02.799Z regarding a suspicious execution chain initiated by robert.miller. You must determine the exact filename of the masqueraded artifact that was executed immediately after the user interacted with their web browser.
Investigating Advanced Living-off-the-Land Execution
100The adversary successfully bypassed initial defenses on corp-wks-001 by chaining scripts through mshta.exe and powershell.exe. Analyze the deep process hierarchy in the XDR panel to find the final executable used to compile or run an inline task that established the foothold.
Investigating Fileless Execution on corp-wks-001
100At 2024-05-01T08:22:02.799Z, user robert.miller executed a suspicious file named Zoom_v_2.00.4.exe which triggered a chain of child processes including mshta.exe and powershell.exe. Analyze the process tree to identify the SHA256 hash of the secondary binary that was dropped and executed during this sequence.
Investigating Ransomware Artifacts on corp-wks-001
100An alert triggered on corp-wks-001 involving a suspicious execution of Zoom_v_2.00.4.exe which subsequently spawned MSBuild.exe and other system binaries. You must analyze the file system modifications made during this incident to find the final artifact left by the attacker.
Identifying the Compromised Internal Endpoint
50After the initial execution of a suspicious binary by user robert.miller, the system initiated several outbound connections. Analyze the network traffic logs around 2024-05-07T16:10:04.104Z to determine which internal workstation was communicating with unauthorized external command-and-control infrastructure.
10 tasks · 835 points total
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Skills You'll Build
Complex multi-stage investigations. Realistic noise, ambiguous indicators, lateral movement.
Prerequisites
- Basic understanding of security alerts
- Experience with log analysis tools
- Familiarity with SIEM concepts
- Familiarity with XDR concepts
- Familiarity with Firewall concepts
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