
Cactus Ransomware: Qlik Sense Exploitation
An internet-facing Qlik Sense analytics server is exploited and turned into the launch point for a Cactus ransomware intrusion. Within a day the operator persists with a rogue remote-access agent, dumps domain-admin credentials from memory, pivots by RDP to the domain controller and backup servers, steals engineering data to cloud storage, and deploys ransomware. Work the Qlik web logs, the endpoint process tree and the perimeter traffic to reconstruct the intrusion end to end and tell the abuse apart from a heavy baseline of normal analytics and remote-access activity.
Start this operation
Investigation Tasks
Complete each task by investigating alerts and submitting your findings.
Establish the foothold
25An internet-facing analytics server began behaving like a workstation in an attacker's hands overnight, and by morning shares across the estate were encrypted. Start at the edge: determine the external address that reached the analytics platform and drove the intrusion.
Confirm code execution
25Reaching the server is not the same as running on it. One process lineage proves the exploit turned into execution. Identify the host where a background analytics service was caught spawning an interactive shell.
Separate the rogue remote-access agent
30This estate runs several legitimate remote-access and remote-management tools all day. After gaining execution, the operator installed one more for persistence that does not belong. Identify the remote-access agent the attacker installed.
Catch the credential theft
30To move beyond the foothold the operator needed privileged credentials and took them from memory. Identify the account the attacker harvested and then reused to move across the estate.
Map the lateral reach
25With the stolen account the operator fanned out from the analytics host. One destination matters most because it controls the whole domain. Identify the host the attacker reached that is the domain's control point.
Follow the data out
25Before the ransomware fired, data was copied out of the network for extortion. Identify the external host the stolen data was transferred to.
Classify the recovery sabotage
20Just before encryption, the operator made sure the victim could not roll back. Map that anti-recovery activity to the MITRE ATT&CK technique it represents.
Read the impact signature
25When the encryptor ran, it rewrote the file-server data. Identify the file extension the encryptor appended to every file it encrypted, the on-disk signature that confirms the strain.
8 tasks · 205 points total
Training Tools
Skills You'll Build
Complex multi-stage investigations. Realistic noise, ambiguous indicators, lateral movement.
Prerequisites
- Basic understanding of security alerts
- Experience with log analysis tools
- Familiarity with SIEM concepts
- Familiarity with XDR concepts
- Familiarity with Firewall concepts
Ready to investigate?
More Operations
View allThe Template That Read the Disk
The file-transfer portal that Tideglow Logistics' partners upload to spent a morning returning host files it was never meant to publish, and finished it running an administrator session nobody had logged into. The root cause is CVE-2024-4040 in CrushFTP 10.6.0. Walk the access logs and firewall traffic step by step to trace how a client holding no credentials turned a request parameter into a read of the host, and that read into a takeover.
OneNote Attachment to RAT: A Guided First Investigation
A logistics contracts employee at Glacierline Freight opens an attachment that arrived in her inbox and clicks a button inside it. Minutes later her workstation is running something that appears on no software inventory and is talking to a host that no business process uses. Walk the email gateway records, the file artifacts and the endpoint process tree one step at a time, and work out for yourself which message carried the delivery, what landed on disk, and what ran.
Hijacked Discord Invite to ClickFix Loader: Tracing the Lure
A finance analyst at Halcyon Wealth Partners followed a recycled Discord invite that quietly redirected the browser to a fake verification page. They did what the page asked, and inside the hour the workstation was running a remote-access trojan alongside an info-stealer that shipped browser data straight out of the building. Walk the proxy, endpoint and firewall evidence step by step to trace the lure, the loader, the C2 beacon and the data theft.