
Sandworm: Trojanized KMS Activator to DcRAT
A staff member at the energy provider Ridna Energo downloaded a free Microsoft KMS activation tool that turned out to be trojanized. Within minutes it dropped the BACKORDER loader, disabled Defender, proxy-loaded the DcRAT implant through rundll32, and opened an encrypted channel to a single anonymizing C2 node. Reconstruct the full espionage intrusion, from the lure download through credential theft, lateral movement, and exfiltration over command-and-control, across endpoint, network, and perimeter telemetry.
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Investigation Tasks
Complete each task by investigating alerts and submitting your findings.
Open the investigation
0A workstation at Ridna Energo tripped an EDR alert for an unsigned DLL loaded by rundll32 that then beaconed to external infrastructure. You have SIEM, XDR, and perimeter firewall telemetry for the day. Orient yourself before you start pivoting.
Trace the delivery channel
30The intrusion began with something the user chose to download. Before tracing execution, establish where the initial binary came from.
Fingerprint the initial payload
35The downloaded executable was run by the user and kicked off the rest of the chain. Identify it by its cryptographic hash so it can be blocked and hunted across the fleet.
Recover the dropped loader
35The activator did not act alone. It used a scripting interpreter to write a second-stage loader to disk. Name that loader file.
Find the persistence mechanism
35To survive a reboot, the operator scheduled the implant to relaunch automatically. Identify the scheduled task they registered.
Fingerprint the implant
40The persistence and C2 both point at one DLL loaded through a trusted Windows binary. Identify that implant by its SHA-256 hash.
Locate the command-and-control node
40The implant established an outbound channel to operator infrastructure that fronts an anonymizing proxy. Identify the domain it beaconed to.
Identify the lateral-movement account
35From the beachhead, the operator reached a second host using a credential that should never have been present on a staff workstation. Identify that account.
Confirm the exfiltration path
35Before the alert fired, a large volume of data left the beachhead. Determine where it went and how the operator avoided creating a new, more visible channel.
Classify the proxy-execution technique
30The implant ran through a trusted, signed Windows binary rather than as its own process. Map that execution method to its MITRE ATT&CK identifier.
10 tasks · 315 points total
Training Tools
Skills You'll Build
Complex multi-stage investigations. Realistic noise, ambiguous indicators, lateral movement.
Prerequisites
- Basic understanding of security alerts
- Experience with log analysis tools
- Familiarity with SIEM concepts
- Familiarity with XDR concepts
- Familiarity with Firewall concepts
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